Chapter 1: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions Flashcards | Knowt (2024)

A bulla is a circ*mscribed, —- lesion that is more than —- in diameter, usually contains —-, and looks like a —-.

elevated; 5 mm; serous fluid; blister

A lobule is a —- that is part of the whole; these lobes sometimes appear —-.

segment or lobe; fused

A macule is an area that is usually distinguished by a color —- from that of the surrounding tissue; it is —- and does not —- above the surface of the normal tissue. A —- is an example of a macule.

A nodule is a —- solid lesion up to or greater than —- in diameter found in —-; it can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface.

palpable; 1 cm; soft tissue

A papule is a small, circ*mscribed lesion usually less than —- in diameter that is —- above the surface of normal surrounding tissue.

1 cm; elevated or protrudes

It is attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom.

pedunculated

What are variously sized circ*mscribed elevations containing pus?

pustules

What term is used to describe the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike?

sessile

A vesicle is a small, —- lesion less than —- in diameter that contains —-.

elevated; 1 cm; serous fluid

The evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area.

palpation

What are the descriptive terms for palpation? These terms also describe the —- of a lesion.

—- are the words used most frequently to describe the colors of oral lesions.

red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown, and black

An erythema is an —- of the mucosa or gingiva.

abnormal redness

Erythroplakia is a clinical term used to describe an oral mucosal lesion that appears as a —- and velvety patch and cannot be —- or diagnosed as a —-.

smooth red patch or granular red; rubbed off; specific disease

—- A clinical term for a white patch or plaquelike lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease.

leukoplakia

Pallor is —- of the skin or mucosal tissues.

paleness

The size of a lesion can be measured in —- or —-

centimeters or millimeters

What term refers to wrinkled?

corrugated

A fissure is a —-, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth.

cleft or groove

Resembling small, finger-like projections or elevations found in clusters.

papillary

What term refers to warty, often rough?

verrucous

What is the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one?

coalescence

The term diffuse describes a lesion with borders that are not —-.

well defined

What term describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion?

multilocular

Radiolucent describes the —- areas on a radiograph.

black or dark

Radiopaque describes the —- areas on a radiograph.

white or light

Unilocular is having —- compartment or unit that is —-, as in a —-.

one; well defined or outlined; simple radicular cyst

What term refers to difficulty swallowing?

dysphagia

What term refers to difficulty speaking?

dysphonia

What term refers to difficulty breathing?

dyspnea

What are the eight categories that contribute segments of information leading to the definitive or final diagnosis?

Clinical diagnosis suggests that the strength of the diagnosis comes from the —- of the lesion.

clinical appearance

When a diagnosis can be made on the basis of —-, —- is not necessary.

color, shape, location, and history of the lesion; biopsy or surgical intervention is not necessary

Examples of lesions that can be clinically diagnosed are —-.

Other benign conditions of unknown cause that are recognized by their distinct clinical appearance include —-

What type of lesion is depicted?

bulla

What type of lesion is depicted?

lobulated torus palatinus

The following images are examples of what type of lesion?

papules

What type of lesion is depicted?

pustule

What type of lesion is depicted?

vesicle

This image shows a —- with a —- base.

fibroma; pedunculated

This image shows a —- with a —- base.

fibroma; sessile

What type of lesion is depicted?

fordyce granules

What type of lesion is depicted?

lobulated mandibular tori

What is the clinical diagnosis?

melanin pigmentation

What is the clinical diagonsis?

retrocuspid papillae

What is the clinical diagnosis?

fissured tongue

What is the clinical diagnosis?

median rhomboid glossitis

What is the clinical diagnosis?

erythema migrans

What is the clinical diagnosis?

white hairy tongue

What is the arrow pointing at?

circumvallate papillae

What is the clinical diagnosis?

black hairy tongue

What is the arrow pointing at?

amalgam tattoo

A —— period of pain is followed by the eruption of vesicles with a —— along a sensory nerve.

prodromal; unilateral distribution

Conditions for which the radiograph provides the most significant information include —-.

What type of resorption is occurring in the image?

internal resorption

What type of resorption is occurring in the image?

external resorption

—- information constitutes the most important contribution to the diagnostic process.

historical information

Thorough —- must be a part of every patient’s permanent record.

medical and dental histories

Pathologic conditions in which the family history contributes a significant role in the diagnosis include —-.

A history of Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis may contribute to the diagnosis of —-.

oral ulcers

A patient with a known history of Sjogren syndrome may have a —- appearance of the tongue as a result of —-.

cobblestone; xerostomia

Clinical laboratory tests, including —- can provide information that contributes to a diagnosis.

blood chemistries, organismal cultures, and urinalysis

Laboratory cultures are also helpful in determining the diagnosis of —-.

oral infections

The most common laboratory test is the —-.

complete blood cell count

—- is often the main component of the definitive diagnosis.

microscopic diagnosis

—- is considered the gold standard procedure used to provide the microscopic analysis that will establish the definitive diagnosis of a lesion.

scalpel biopsy

—- is a clinical term for a white lesion that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed through clinical characteristics alone.

leukoplakia

—- is a clinical term for a red lesion that cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical features alone.

erythroplakia

Most erythroplakias (—-%) are microscopically diagnosed as —-.

90%; severe epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma

What are examples of high risk HPV?

type 16 and 18

What are examples of low risk types of HPV?

types 2, 6, 11, 27, and 57

—- are common conditions to be diagnosed by therapeutic means.

nutritional deficiencies

Angular cheilitis may be associated with a deficiency of the —-, it is most commonly a —- and responds to topical application of an antifungal cream or ointment such as —-.

B-complex vitamins; fungal condition; nystatin

What does necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis respond to?

hydrogen peroxide rinses

The —- is that point in the diagnosis process when the practitioner decides which test or procedure is required to rule out the conditions originally suspected and to establish the definitive or final diagnosis.

differential diagnosis

What are considered variants of normal?

Torus palatinus is an —- growth of normal compact bone.

exophytic

Outgrowths of normal dense bone found on the lingual aspect of the mandible in the area of the premolars above the mylohyoid ridge are —-.

mandibular tori

Mandibular tori are bilateral in more than —-% of cases, often —-, can appear —-, and have a slight predilection for —-.

90%; lobulated; fused together; males

A retrocuspid papilla is a —- papule found on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of the —- cuspids.

sessile; mandibular

Leukoedema becomes more pronounced in —-.

smokers

A generalized opalescence is imparted to the buccal mucosa by —-.

leukoedema

When thyroid tissue either does not descend or remnants become entrapped in the tissue that makes up the tongue, a developmental anomaly called a —- results.

lingual thyroid

Clinical symptoms of lingual thyroid include —-.

dysphasia, dysphonia, and dyspnea

For lingual thyroids, —- should be avoided if possible because the thyroid tissue is quite vascular and may pose a significant bleeding risk.

biopsy

Hairy tongue is a condition in which the patient has an increased accumulation of —- on the —- that results in a white, “hairy” appearance.

keratin; filiform papillae

Treatment for hairy tongue involves directing the patient to —-

brush the tongue gently with a soft toothbrush to remove debris

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